Rework thread pools

Allow the thread pool to vary in size by basing it on a resource pool
of fixed size thread pools, which are similar to the previous thread
pool implementation.

Fixed size thread pools don't require fibers, but thread pools now
do. Some procedures work with either thread pool implementation.

knots/thread-pool.scm

@@ -27,29 +27,38 @@
   #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
   #:use-module (ice-9 q)
   #:use-module (ice-9 match)
+  #:use-module (ice-9 atomic)
   #:use-module (ice-9 threads)
   #:use-module (fibers)
   #:use-module (fibers timers)
   #:use-module (fibers channels)
   #:use-module (fibers operations)
   #:use-module (knots)
+  #:use-module (knots resource-pool)
   #:export (set-thread-name
             thread-name
 
-            thread-pool?
+            &thread-pool-timeout-error
-            thread-pool-channel
+            thread-pool-timeout-error-pool
-            thread-pool-arguments-parameter
-            thread-pool-proc-vector
-
-            make-thread-pool
-            call-with-thread
-
-            &thread-pool-timeout
             thread-pool-timeout-error?
 
-            %thread-pool-default-timeout
+            make-thread-pool
+            thread-pool?
+            thread-pool-resource-pool
 
-            create-work-queue))
+            make-fixed-size-thread-pool
+            fixed-size-thread-pool?
+            fixed-size-thread-pool-channel
+            fixed-size-thread-pool-current-procedures
+
+            ;; These procedures work for thread pools and fixed size
+            ;; thread pools
+            thread-pool-arguments-parameter
+            thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout
+
+            destroy-thread-pool
+
+            call-with-thread))
 
 (define* (syscall->procedure return-type name argument-types
                              #:key library)
@@ -147,28 +156,64 @@ from there, or #f if that would be an empty string."
       (const "")))
 
 (define-record-type <thread-pool>
-  (thread-pool channel arguments-parameter proc-vector)
+  (thread-pool resource-pool arguments-parameter)
   thread-pool?
-  (channel             thread-pool-channel)
+  (resource-pool       thread-pool-resource-pool)
-  (arguments-parameter thread-pool-arguments-parameter)
+  (arguments-parameter thread-pool-arguments-parameter-accessor))
-  (proc-vector         thread-pool-proc-vector)
-  (default-checkout-timeout
-    thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout))
 
-(define* (make-thread-pool size
+(define-record-type <fixed-size-thread-pool>
+  (fixed-size-thread-pool channel arguments-parameter current-procedures
+                          default-checkout-timeout)
+  fixed-size-thread-pool?
+  (channel             fixed-size-thread-pool-channel)
+  (arguments-parameter fixed-size-thread-pool-arguments-parameter)
+  (current-procedures  fixed-size-thread-pool-current-procedures)
+  (default-checkout-timeout fixed-size-thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout))
+
+;; Since both thread pool records have this field, use a procedure
+;; than handles the appropriate accessor
+(define (thread-pool-arguments-parameter pool)
+  (if (fixed-size-thread-pool? pool)
+      (fixed-size-thread-pool-arguments-parameter pool)
+      (thread-pool-arguments-parameter-accessor pool)))
+
+(define (thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout pool)
+  (if (fixed-size-thread-pool? pool)
+      (fixed-size-thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout pool)
+      (assq-ref (resource-pool-configuration
+                 (thread-pool-resource-pool pool))
+                'default-checkout-timeout)))
+
+(define &thread-pool-timeout
+  (make-exception-type '&thread-pool-timeout
+                       &error
+                       '(pool)))
+
+(define make-thread-pool-timeout-error
+  (record-constructor &thread-pool-timeout))
+
+(define thread-pool-timeout-error-pool
+  (exception-accessor
+   &thread-pool-timeout
+   (record-accessor &thread-pool-timeout 'pool)))
+
+(define thread-pool-timeout-error?
+  (record-predicate &thread-pool-timeout))
+
+(define* (make-fixed-size-thread-pool size
                                       #:key
                                       thread-initializer
                                       thread-destructor
-                           (delay-logger (lambda _ #f))
+                                      delay-logger
-                           (duration-logger (const #f))
+                                      duration-logger
                                       thread-lifetime
-                           (log-exception? (const #t))
                                       (expire-on-exception? #f)
                                       (name "unnamed")
                                       (use-default-io-waiters? #t)
                                       default-checkout-timeout)
-  "Return a channel used to offload work to a dedicated thread.  ARGS are the
+  (define channel
-arguments of the thread pool procedure."
+    (make-channel))
+
   (define param
     (make-parameter #f))
 
@@ -224,17 +269,18 @@ arguments of the thread pool procedure."
             (sleep 1)
             (destructor/safe args)))))
 
-  (define (process thread-index channel args)
+  (define (process channel args)
-    (let loop ((current-lifetime thread-lifetime))
+    (let loop ()
-      (let ((exception?
       (match (get-message channel)
-               (((? channel? reply) sent-time (? procedure? proc))
+        ('destroy #f)
+        ((reply sent-time proc)
+         (when delay-logger
            (let ((time-delay
                   (- (get-internal-real-time)
                      sent-time)))
              (delay-logger (/ time-delay
                               internal-time-units-per-second)
-                                proc)
+                           proc)))
 
          (let* ((start-time (get-internal-real-time))
                 (response
@@ -246,9 +292,6 @@ arguments of the thread pool procedure."
                                 internal-time-units-per-second)
                              exn))
                    (lambda ()
-                              (vector-set! thread-proc-vector
-                                           thread-index
-                                           proc)
                      (with-exception-handler
                          (lambda (exn)
                            (let ((stack
@@ -275,13 +318,11 @@ arguments of the thread pool procedure."
                                       internal-time-units-per-second)
                                    vals))))))
                    #:unwind? #t)))
+
            (put-message reply
                         response)
 
-                    (vector-set! thread-proc-vector
+           (let ((exception?
-                                 thread-index
-                                 #f)
-
                   (match response
                     (('thread-pool-error duration _)
                      (when duration-logger
@@ -290,32 +331,26 @@ arguments of the thread pool procedure."
                     ((duration . _)
                      (when duration-logger
                        (duration-logger duration proc))
-                       #f))))))))
+                     #f))))
-        (unless (and expire-on-exception?
+             (if (and exception?
-                     exception?)
+                      expire-on-exception?)
-          (if (number? current-lifetime)
+                 #t
-              (unless (< current-lifetime 0)
+                 (loop))))))))
-                (loop (if current-lifetime
-                          (- current-lifetime 1)
-                          #f)))
-              (loop #f))))))
 
-  (define (start-threads channel)
+  (define (start-thread index channel)
-    (for-each
-     (lambda (thread-index)
     (call-with-new-thread
      (lambda ()
        (catch 'system-error
          (lambda ()
            (set-thread-name
             (string-append
-                name " w t "
+             name " w t " (number->string index))))
-                (number->string thread-index))))
          (const #t))
 
        (let init ((args (if thread-initializer
                             (initializer/safe)
                             '())))
+         (let ((continue?
                 (with-exception-handler
                     (lambda (exn)
                       (simple-format
@@ -323,54 +358,92 @@ arguments of the thread pool procedure."
                        "knots: thread-pool: internal exception: ~A\n" exn))
                   (lambda ()
                     (parameterize ((param args))
-                  (process thread-index channel args)))
+                      (process channel args)))
-              #:unwind? #t)
+                  #:unwind? #t)))
 
            (when thread-destructor
              (destructor/safe args))
 
-            (init (initializer/safe))))))
+           (when continue?
-     (iota size)))
+             (init (if thread-initializer
+                       (initializer/safe)
+                       '()))))))))
 
-  (let ((channel (make-channel)))
+  (for-each
-    (if use-default-io-waiters?
+   (lambda (i)
-        (call-with-default-io-waiters
+     (start-thread i channel))
-         (lambda ()
+   (iota size))
-           (start-threads channel)))
-        (start-threads channel))
 
-    (thread-pool channel
+  (fixed-size-thread-pool channel
                           param
-                 thread-proc-vector)))
+                          thread-proc-vector
+                          default-checkout-timeout))
 
-(define &thread-pool-timeout
+(define* (make-thread-pool max-size
-  (make-exception-type '&thread-pool-timeout
+                           #:key
-                       &error
+                           (min-size max-size)
-                       '()))
+                           scheduler
+                           thread-initializer
+                           thread-destructor
+                           (delay-logger (lambda _ #f))
+                           (duration-logger (const #f))
+                           thread-lifetime
+                           (expire-on-exception? #f)
+                           (name "unnamed")
+                           (use-default-io-waiters? #t)
+                           default-checkout-timeout)
+  "Return a channel used to offload work to a dedicated thread.  ARGS are the
+arguments of the thread pool procedure."
+  (define param
+    (make-parameter #f))
 
-(define make-thread-pool-timeout-error
+  (let ((resource-pool
-  (record-constructor &thread-pool-timeout))
+         (make-resource-pool
+          (lambda ()
+            (make-fixed-size-thread-pool
+             1
+             #:thread-initializer thread-initializer
+             #:thread-destructor thread-destructor
+             #:thread-lifetime thread-lifetime
+             #:expire-on-exception? expire-on-exception?
+             #:name name
+             #:use-default-io-waiters? use-default-io-waiters?))
+          max-size
+          #:destructor destroy-thread-pool
+          #:min-size min-size
+          #:delay-logger delay-logger
+          #:scheduler scheduler
+          #:duration-logger duration-logger
+          #:default-checkout-timeout default-checkout-timeout)))
 
-(define thread-pool-timeout-error?
+    (thread-pool resource-pool
-  (record-predicate &thread-pool-timeout))
+                 param)))
 
-(define* (call-with-thread record proc #:key duration-logger
+(define* (call-with-thread thread-pool
-                           (timeout (thread-pool-default-checkout-timeout
+                           proc
-                                     record))
+                           #:key
-                           (channel (thread-pool-channel record)))
+                           duration-logger
+                           checkout-timeout
+                           channel
+                           destroy-thread-on-exception?
+                           (max-waiters 'default))
   "Send PROC to the thread pool through CHANNEL.  Return the result of PROC.
 If already in the thread pool, call PROC immediately."
-  (let ((args ((thread-pool-arguments-parameter record))))
+  (define (handle-proc fixed-size-thread-pool
-    (if args
+                       reply-channel
-        (apply proc args)
+                       start-time
-        (let* ((reply (make-channel))
+                       timeout)
+    (let* ((request-channel
+            (or channel
+                (fixed-size-thread-pool-channel
+                 fixed-size-thread-pool)))
            (operation-success?
             (perform-operation
              (let ((put
                     (wrap-operation
-                         (put-operation channel
+                     (put-operation request-channel
-                                        (list reply
+                                    (list reply-channel
-                                              (get-internal-real-time)
+                                          start-time
                                           proc))
                      (const #t))))
 
@@ -385,7 +458,8 @@ If already in the thread pool, call PROC immediately."
       (raise-exception
        (make-thread-pool-timeout-error)))
 
-          (match (get-message reply)
+    (let ((reply (get-message reply-channel)))
+      (match reply
         (('thread-pool-error duration exn)
          (when duration-logger
            (duration-logger duration))
@@ -393,213 +467,54 @@ If already in the thread pool, call PROC immediately."
         ((duration . result)
          (when duration-logger
            (duration-logger duration))
-             (apply values result)))))))
+         (apply values result))))))
 
-(define* (create-work-queue thread-count-parameter proc
+  (let ((args ((thread-pool-arguments-parameter thread-pool))))
-                            #:key thread-start-delay
+    (if args
-                            (thread-stop-delay
+        (apply proc args)
-                             (make-time time-duration 0 0))
+        (let ((start-time (get-internal-real-time))
-                            (name "unnamed")
+              (reply-channel (make-channel)))
-                            priority<?)
+          (if (fixed-size-thread-pool? thread-pool)
-  (let ((queue (make-q))
+              (handle-proc thread-pool
-        (queue-mutex (make-mutex))
+                           reply-channel
-        (job-available (make-condition-variable))
+                           start-time
-        (running-job-args (make-hash-table)))
+                           checkout-timeout)
-
-    (define get-thread-count
-      (cond
-       ((number? thread-count-parameter)
-        (const thread-count-parameter))
-       ((eq? thread-count-parameter #f)
-        ;; Run one thread per job
-        (lambda ()
-          (+ (q-length queue)
-             (hash-count (lambda (index val)
-                           (list? val))
-                         running-job-args))))
-       (else
-        thread-count-parameter)))
-
-    (define process-job
-      (if priority<?
-          (lambda* (args #:key priority)
-            (with-mutex queue-mutex
-              (enq! queue (cons priority args))
-              (set-car!
-               queue
-               (stable-sort! (car queue)
-                             (lambda (a b)
-                               (priority<?
-                                (car a)
-                                (car b)))))
-              (sync-q! queue)
-              (start-new-threads-if-necessary (get-thread-count))
-              (signal-condition-variable job-available)))
-          (lambda args
-            (with-mutex queue-mutex
-              (enq! queue args)
-              (start-new-threads-if-necessary (get-thread-count))
-              (signal-condition-variable job-available)))))
-
-    (define (count-threads)
-      (with-mutex queue-mutex
-        (hash-count (const #t) running-job-args)))
-
-    (define (count-jobs)
-      (with-mutex queue-mutex
-        (+ (q-length queue)
-           (hash-count (lambda (index val)
-                         (list? val))
-                       running-job-args))))
-
-    (define (list-jobs)
-      (with-mutex queue-mutex
-        (append (if priority<?
-                    (map cdr (car queue))
-                    (list-copy (car queue)))
-                (hash-fold (lambda (key val result)
-                             (if val
-                                 (cons val result)
-                                 result))
-                           '()
-                           running-job-args))))
-
-    (define (thread-process-job job-args)
-      (with-exception-handler
-          (lambda _ #f)
-        (lambda ()
               (with-exception-handler
                   (lambda (exn)
-                (simple-format (current-error-port)
+                    (if (and (resource-pool-timeout-error? exn)
-                               "~A work queue, job raised exception ~A\n"
+                             (eq? (resource-pool-timeout-error-pool exn)
-                               name job-args)
+                                  (thread-pool-resource-pool thread-pool)))
-                (print-backtrace-and-exception/knots exn)
+                        (raise-exception
-                (raise-exception exn))
+                         (make-thread-pool-timeout-error thread-pool))
+                        (raise-exception exn)))
                 (lambda ()
-              (apply proc job-args))))
+                  (call-with-resource-from-pool (thread-pool-resource-pool
-        #:unwind? #t))
+                                                 thread-pool)
+                    (lambda (fixed-size-thread-pool)
+                      (if checkout-timeout
+                          (let ((remaining-time
+                                 (/ (- (get-internal-real-time) start-time)
+                                    internal-time-units-per-second)))
+                            (if (< remaining-time checkout-timeout)
+                                (handle-proc fixed-size-thread-pool
+                                             reply-channel
+                                             start-time
+                                             remaining-time)
+                                (raise-exception
+                                 (make-thread-pool-timeout-error thread-pool))))
+                          (handle-proc fixed-size-thread-pool
+                                       reply-channel
+                                       start-time
+                                       #f)))
+                    #:max-waiters max-waiters
+                    #:timeout checkout-timeout
+                    #:destroy-resource-on-exception?
+                    destroy-thread-on-exception?))))))))
 
-    (define (start-thread thread-index)
+(define (destroy-thread-pool pool)
-      (define (too-many-threads?)
+  (if (fixed-size-thread-pool? pool)
-        (let ((running-jobs-count
+      (put-message
-               (hash-count (lambda (index val)
+       (fixed-size-thread-pool-channel pool)
-                             (list? val))
+       'destroy)
-                           running-job-args))
+      (destroy-resource-pool
-              (desired-thread-count (get-thread-count)))
+       (thread-pool-resource-pool pool))))
-
-          (>= running-jobs-count
-              desired-thread-count)))
-
-      (define (thread-idle-for-too-long? last-job-finished-at)
-        (time>=?
-         (time-difference (current-time time-monotonic)
-                          last-job-finished-at)
-         thread-stop-delay))
-
-      (define (stop-thread)
-        (hash-remove! running-job-args
-                      thread-index)
-        (unlock-mutex queue-mutex))
-
-      (call-with-new-thread
-       (lambda ()
-         (catch 'system-error
-           (lambda ()
-             (set-thread-name
-              (string-append name " q t "
-                             (number->string thread-index))))
-           (const #t))
-
-         (let loop ((last-job-finished-at (current-time time-monotonic)))
-           (lock-mutex queue-mutex)
-
-           (if (too-many-threads?)
-               (stop-thread)
-               (let ((job-args
-                      (if (q-empty? queue)
-                          ;; #f from wait-condition-variable indicates a timeout
-                          (if (wait-condition-variable
-                               job-available
-                               queue-mutex
-                               (+ 9 (time-second (current-time))))
-                              ;; Another thread could have taken
-                              ;; the job in the mean time
-                              (if (q-empty? queue)
-                                  #f
-                                  (if priority<?
-                                      (cdr (deq! queue))
-                                      (deq! queue)))
-                              #f)
-                          (if priority<?
-                              (cdr (deq! queue))
-                              (deq! queue)))))
-
-                 (if job-args
-                     (begin
-                       (hash-set! running-job-args
-                                  thread-index
-                                  job-args)
-
-                       (unlock-mutex queue-mutex)
-                       (thread-process-job job-args)
-
-                       (with-mutex queue-mutex
-                         (hash-set! running-job-args
-                                    thread-index
-                                    #f))
-
-                       (loop (current-time time-monotonic)))
-                     (if (thread-idle-for-too-long? last-job-finished-at)
-                         (stop-thread)
-                         (begin
-                           (unlock-mutex queue-mutex)
-
-                           (loop last-job-finished-at))))))))))
-
-
-    (define start-new-threads-if-necessary
-      (let ((previous-thread-started-at (make-time time-monotonic 0 0)))
-        (lambda (desired-count)
-          (let* ((thread-count
-                  (hash-count (const #t) running-job-args))
-                 (threads-to-start
-                  (- desired-count thread-count)))
-            (when (> threads-to-start 0)
-              (for-each
-               (lambda (thread-index)
-                 (when (eq? (hash-ref running-job-args
-                                      thread-index
-                                      'slot-free)
-                            'slot-free)
-                   (let* ((now     (current-time time-monotonic))
-                          (elapsed (time-difference now
-                                                    previous-thread-started-at)))
-                     (when (or (eq? #f thread-start-delay)
-                               (time>=? elapsed thread-start-delay))
-                       (set! previous-thread-started-at now)
-                       (hash-set! running-job-args
-                                  thread-index
-                                  #f)
-                       (start-thread thread-index)))))
-               (iota desired-count)))))))
-
-    (if (procedure? thread-count-parameter)
-        (call-with-new-thread
-         (lambda ()
-           (catch 'system-error
-             (lambda ()
-               (set-thread-name
-                (string-append name " q t")))
-             (const #t))
-
-           (while #t
-             (sleep 15)
-             (with-mutex queue-mutex
-               (let ((idle-threads (hash-count (lambda (index val)
-                                                 (eq? #f val))
-                                               running-job-args)))
-                 (when (= 0 idle-threads)
-                   (start-new-threads-if-necessary (get-thread-count))))))))
-        (start-new-threads-if-necessary (get-thread-count)))
-
-    (values process-job count-jobs count-threads list-jobs)))

tests/thread-pool.scm

@@ -6,10 +6,47 @@
              (knots thread-pool))
 
 (let ((thread-pool
+       (make-fixed-size-thread-pool 2)))
+
+  (assert-equal
+   (call-with-thread
+    thread-pool
+    (lambda ()
+      4))
+   4))
+
+(let ((thread-pool
+       (make-fixed-size-thread-pool
+        2
+        #:thread-initializer (const '(2)))))
+
+  (assert-equal
+   (call-with-thread
+    thread-pool
+    (lambda (num)
+      (* 2 num)))
+   4))
+
+(let ((thread-pool
+       (make-fixed-size-thread-pool 2)))
+
+  (assert-equal
+   #t
+   (with-exception-handler
+       (lambda (exn)
+         (knots-exception? exn))
+     (lambda ()
+       (call-with-thread
+        thread-pool
+        (lambda ()
+          (+ 1 'a))))
+     #:unwind? #t)))
+
+(run-fibers-for-tests
+ (lambda ()
+   (let ((thread-pool
           (make-thread-pool 2)))
 
-  (run-fibers-for-tests
-   (lambda ()
      (assert-equal
       (call-with-thread
        thread-pool
@@ -17,13 +54,13 @@
          4))
       4))))
 
-(let ((thread-pool
+(run-fibers-for-tests
+ (lambda ()
+   (let ((thread-pool
           (make-thread-pool
            2
            #:thread-initializer (const '(2)))))
 
-  (run-fibers-for-tests
-   (lambda ()
      (assert-equal
       (call-with-thread
        thread-pool
@@ -31,22 +68,11 @@
          (* 2 num)))
       4))))
 
-(let ((process-job
+(run-fibers-for-tests
-       count-jobs
+ (lambda ()
-       count-threads
+   (let ((thread-pool
-       list-jobs
-       (create-work-queue
-        2
-        (lambda (i)
-          (* i 2)))))
-
-  (process-job 3))
-
-(let ((thread-pool
           (make-thread-pool 2)))
 
-  (run-fibers-for-tests
-   (lambda ()
      (assert-equal
       #t
       (with-exception-handler